I am inspired today to write about some of the really harmful credit cards out there as a warning to people who have bad credit and desperately go after those "second chance" cards designed specifically to trap us.
Yes, I say "trap" and mean it. In the early 1990s, banks started offering secured credit cards to people who didn't qualify for ordinary cards due to low income or a bad credit history. These cards required you to open a savings account at the same bank, but sign away your right to withdraw from the account. In exchange, you were given a credit card that worked like any other, except that if you failed to pay your bill, the bank took your savings account. If you kept a clean record for a certain period of time, you would either get a partial or full refund of your savings, or your credit line would be increased, thus making your card only partially secured.
These secured credit cards were actually a good deal. They gave people with shaky credit histories and/or low income a chance. The banks protected themselves with the collateral of your savings account. And if you ran into trouble paying, they just took the account. Very seldom were you left with much of a debt, maybe the difference between the card and savings account interest rates, that was it. If you "behaved yourself" and got off secured status by proving the system wrong, you often got your savings account back and a better credit rating to boot, enabling you to get "regular" credit cards.
Secured credit cards are largely a thing of the past, and I think the main reason is that most ATM cards have largely the same function as a credit card. They have the Visa or MasterCard logo and can be used at stores and online in the exact same way as a credit card. From the point of view of immediate transactional use, they are better than a credit card as there is no interest and usually no fees as long as you don't overdraw your account. But they do nothing to build your credit rating and don't provide you a loan function. They're purely "pay-as-you-go".
In the late 1990s, banks came out with what consumer advocates call "un-secured" credit cards. These are also designed for people with bad credit and/or low income. However, you don't have to open a savings account as collateral. Instead, the bank protects itself with grossly high interest rates and fees. For example, I have a First Premier Gold card. Started with a $200 credit limit two years ago. $150 of it was already taken up in fees the day I got it. That's the way these new cards work: you owe money even
before you charge anything. Then the over 20% interest rate, the annual fee of $49 and the monthly fee of $6.95, and you've got Trouble with a capital T. I admit I am behind in my payments and they closed my account. I plan to pay it in full when I get my rent rebate in August so I'll never have to hear from them again. However, the reality is they probably have
already made a profit on me even though I'm $300 or so behind in payments.
That's how these cards work: they charge so many fees that they don't lose anything even if you default. Of course, you may say, that's no different from a secured card where you put up a savings account as collateral, it's just they let you "charge" the collateral to your credit card. The reality is: no, it's
not the same, and here's why. Secured credit cards largely had the same interest rates and fees that regular cards for "good" customers got. The only real difference is you put up your own money as collateral. If you failed to pay, the bank got your collateral and
it was used in the settlement of the debt. Modern "un-secured" credit cards charge you so many fees they essentially get your "collateral" up front. But here's the kicker: because it's charged to your credit card,
you already owe it BEFORE going into default. What that means is: they've covered their end. You default, they still don't lose. What's more, you're
more likely to default because you're being charged so much more. Essentially, there making it
harder for you because you have problems. If this isn't a violation of common sense, I don't know what is. Additionally,
what you already paid before the default doesn't do
you any good towards settling your debt. They can continue going after you for outrageous profits until you settle up in full. And they can harass you on the phone all day from 8 AM to 9 PM seven days a week until you go crazy.
If you're smart, you'll avoid these credit cards like the plague. If your income or credit history don't meet the standards to qualify for a "good" credit card, like one recommended by
Consumer Reports, you're probably better off without
any credit card than to take something like the First Premier Gold (which, ironically, was mentioned in
Consumer Reports as one emphatically
not recommended). I've learned my lesson on this one. No more "un-secured" credit cards for me!
A word to the banking industry: if you really want to help bring people into the credit card fold as customers and not as victims but don't want to risk losing money, I have two suggestions for you:
1) Go back to offering secured credit cards with the same interest rates and fees offered to your "good" customers. Due to the existence of ATM/debit cards you probably won't have as many customers as you used to, but it is a safe, low-risk way of giving someone a chance to prove themselves worthy of credit.
2) Consider offering credit cards with very low credit limits, but "normal" interest rates and fees, to customers with low incomes and/or shaky credit histories. With some customers that may literally mean starting them out with, say, a $100 limit and allowing them to work their way up. Again, the risk would be fairly low and it wouldn't be setting the customer up for failure.